The aims of this blog is to expose the technologies and devices for computer networking and internet access applications. It will includes fundamentals of data communication, telecommunication facilities and network topology. This blog will expose the internet technology and its applications.
A file with the HTM or HTML file extensionis a Hypertext Markup Language file and is the standard web page file type on the internet.
Since HTM files are text-only files, they just contain text (like what you're reading now), as well as text references to other external files (like the image in this article).
HTM and HTML files can also reference other files like video, CSS, or JS files.
A web browser, or simply "browser," is an application used to access and view websites. Common web browsers include Microsoft Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Apple Safari.
A Boolean Query is a query that consists keywordsbut with logical operators(AND, OR, NOT).
How does searching work?
User Interface–Allows you to type a query and displays the results.
• Searcher –The engine searches the database for matching your query.
• Evaluator–The engine assigns scores to the retrieved information.
•Gatherer–The component that travels the WEB, and collects information.
•Indexer –The engine that categorizes the data collected by the gatherer
10BASE-36 (broadband multi-channel coaxial cable with a maximum segment length of 3,600 meters)
x
the video above shows how TCP/IP works.
hey guys, let's watch this amazing video about the difference between ipv4 and ipv6.
What is Ethernet (802.3)?
802.3 is a standard specification for Ethernet, a method of physical communication in a local area network (LAN), which is maintained by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). In general, 802.3 specifies the physical media and the working characteristics of Ethernet. The original Ethernet supports a data rate of 10 megabits per second (Mbps) and specifies these possible physical media:
the video above explain the details about Wifi 802.11
THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g and 802.11n
- 802.11a:
Operates in the 5.15GHz to 5.35GHz radio spectrum.
Speed: Up to 54Mbps (actual throughput is closer to 22Mbps)
Range: 50 feet
Less prone to interference.
More expensive.
Because 802.11b and 802.11a use different radio technologies and portions of the spectrum, they are incompatible with one another.
- 802.11b:
Operates in the 2.4GHz radio spectrum.
Speed: Up to 11Mbps
Range: 100 feet
Prone to interference (it shares airspace with cell phones, Bluetooth, security radios, and other devices).
Least expensive wireless LAN specification.
The Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance (WECA) has done its part by certifying hundreds of products to make sure they work together.
- 802.11g:
Operates in the 2.4GHz radio spectrum.
Speed: Up to 54Mbps
Range: 100 feet
Prone to interference (it shares airspace with cell phones, Bluetooth, security radios, and other devices).
- 802.11n (Draft):
Operates in the 2.4 or 5GHz radio spectrum
Speed: Up to 700Mbs
Range: 50 feet
Because 802.11b and 802.11g use the same radio technologies and portions of the spectrum, they are compatible with one another. But because the 802.11n standard has yet to be ratified by WECA, it may not be completely compatible with 802.11b and 802.11g.
How does a bluetooth connection work?
ABluetooth device uses radio waves instead of wires or cables to connect to a phone or computer. A Bluetooth product, like a headset or watch, contains a tiny computer chip with a Bluetooth radio and software that makes it easy to connect. When two Bluetooth devices want to talk to each other, they need to pair.
This chapter will explain about network characteristics : topology,wired vs wireless, size or coverage area & architecture.
wired network
The video above shows how to connect network wired network at home.
wireless network
The video tells the basic about connecting wireless network.
There are four types of wireless networks, they are :-
wireless wide area networks (WWANs)
wireless metropolitan area networks (WMANs)
wireless local area networks (WLANs)
wireless personal area networks (WPANs)
Different classification of wireless technologies.
There are five types of wireless technology :
1) Infra Red
- do not use signal
- Infrared Data Association
- not popular now
2) Bluetooth
- it is for wireless personal area networks
- for a short range <10m
- connect devices such as mobile phones, laptops, printers, PCs and so on.
3) Wireless local area networks (WLANs), Wifi
- based on the IEEE 802.11 standard.
- it has two radio frequency specifications (RF - direct sequence and frequency hopping spread spectrum) and one infrared (IR). - use a point-to-point solution and point-to-multi-point solution. 4) Broadband wireless - Speed up to 70Mbps, Range 30 miles.
- Broadband means 'having instantaneous bandwidth greater than around 1 MHz and supporting
data rates greater than about 1.5 Mbit/s. 5)Wimax
A group of computing devices connected via a form of communications technology so that network users can share hardware, software, data and they can communicate with each other between computer devices, transmission media to send/ control data/ signals, communication devices to transmit/ send data from sources to destinations, and software.
Local Area Network is used for small geographical area. For example home, schools, and office building. It allows file exchange, emails, printer sharing and accessing the Internet.
Metropolitan Area Network to serve metropolitan area.
Wide Area Network is a network that serves large geographical area. This network allows people especially who involves in business to communicate and carry on activities no matter how far their locations.
Above networks are depending on the geographical area.
Network Component
Host/End Nodes - data source
Transmission Media - to transmit data and controls signal.There are two types of transmission media, bounded and unbounded. Bounded (wired) has twisted pair wire, coaxial cable and fiber optic cable.
Unbounded (wireless)
Network Electronic Device - control data from source to destination. It also connect multiple network or connect computer or network to the internet.
Applications/Software - The applications involves technique and protocols. Protocols discover the rules and procedure to send data, terminate data, interpret data, present data and control mistakes. It ensure data is delivered at its destination. It also control data transmission.
Network Architecture Standard & Protocol - It covers how device in a network typically correct and how the device communicate. It also enable devices to communicate to each other.
Network architecture consists of two types, client/server networks and peer to peer networks.
Network Topology
the arrangement or mapping of the elements of a network. There are two types of network topology, physical and logical.
After data is sent, the reconstruction of data happened by synchronous transmission, asynchronous transmission, and isochronous transmission.
Synchronous is widely used and data comes in groups or blocks forms.
Whereas asynchronous is not widely used and there is a start bit and stop bit.
Isochronous is data sent at the same time, there is also initial communication to determine the bandwidth and other factors needed for data transmission.
Last but not least is delivery method. In this part, there are three types of delivery method. Firstly, circuit switching, secondly packet switching and thirdly broadcasting.
Communication is the imparting, conveying, or exchange of thoughts, messages,ideas, knowledge or information through sign and sounds. For example, speech, signals, writing or behavior. There are also communication model, The Shannon-Weaver Mathematical Model, 1949.
What is telecommunication?
Telecommunication is the exchange of information by electronic or electrical devices over a long distance. A complete telecommunication arrangement has transmitter and receiver.
There are six elements of computer. It consists of people, procedure, data/information, hardware, software, and communications/connectivity.
There are two categories of people involved in computer and telecommunication; professional and end user.
A procedure is a set of tasks to perform some action.
Data is a representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a formalized manner for communication, interpretation, or processing by humans or by automated ways. There are a few unit for data. The units are bit, byte, kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, and terabyte.
Next, hardware refers to any physical objects that are part of the computer system. There are five categories of hardware which are input, process, output, storage and communication devices.
Whereas software is a instructions that controls the functioning of the computer. It consists of a computer program that describe a set of tasks to be carried out by a computer. Software has two types, there are application software and system software. Application software includes database programs, word processors, Web browsers and spreadsheets. System software includes operating systems, computational science software, game engines, industrial automation, and software as a service applications.
Last but not least is communication. It includes the conversion of data between analog and digital.
